Alibata - A Philippine Leaf by Hector Santos
The pages of a book are called leaves and small sheets with writing are called leaflets because more than a millennium ago, documents were written on leaves. In southern India and Southeast Asia, they were written on palm leaves. A document was called pattra, which is Sanskrit for leaf. Several leaves were strung and bound together to form a book.
And so, this web page is a leaf, a pattra, a dahon. It is my opening page to our Philippine past, ang aking dahong pambukás ng ating nakaraán.
Hello, my name is Hector Santos, I am a former aerospace computer systems engineer (no, I didn’t work on weapons of mass destruction) who, like many others, was forced to change his lifestyle in 1992 when the cold war ended.
Since then, I have survived by accepting occasional computer-related work assignments. More importantly, I have found the freedom to do things for which I never had time before.
That has allowed me to spend a few years doing independent research on ancient Filipino writing systems “Alibata” and the way Tagalog was spoken before the advent of the Spaniards. My studies have revealed to me things I never knew and corrected some wrong impressions that I had.
I would like to share with you some of what I have learned about ancient Philippines– the way she was before the West found her.
Our ancestors wrote messages on palm leaves and on bamboo slats. They left them on mountain trails for a passerby to deliver to the addressee in another town in case he was going that way. Now we write on computer screens and send messages around the world at the speed of light.
But it seems we know less today about our planet Earth than our ancestors did during the days of the leaves.
Start here for a trip back to ancient Philippines. When you return, you might just feel prouder that you are Filipino.
* Alibata - Laguna Copperplate Inscription. This document from 900 A.D. threatens to upset our long-held theories of Philippine history. It records the forgiveness of a debt incurred by a person named Namwaran and mentions placenames that still exist today, eleven centuries later.
* Alibata - Literacy in Pre-Hispanic Philippines. When Miguel de Legazpi came to Manila, he found that almost everybody could read and write. This prompted the friars to publish a book in the native script in 1593, forty-seven years before the first book was published in the United States. However, within a century of the Spaniards’ arrival, literacy in the Tagalog script that they came upon was gone. It was not until the end of Spanish reign that it became known that remote mountain groups had maintained their literacy in scripts similar to the Tagalog script. They are still in use today.
* Alibata - Mystery Scripts of the Philippines. A few writing samples found in the Philippines are mysterious and undeciphered. What could they mean and are they for real? A secret society on the island of Bohol uses a strange script. Where did it come from and why is its structure very different from other Philippine scripts and, for that matter, other Southeast Asian scripts as well?
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Alibata
Alibata or Baybayin is a pre-Hispanic Philippine writing system that originated from the Javanese script Old Kawi. The writing system is a member of the Brahmic family (and an offshoot of the Vatteluttu alphabet) and is believed to be in use as early as the 14th century. It continued to be in use during the Spanish colonization of the Philippines up until the late 19th Century. The term baybayin literally means spelling. Closely related scripts are Hanunóo, Buhid, and Tagbanwa.
The Alibata writing system is an abugida system using consonant-vowel combinations. Each character, written in its basic form, is a consonant ending with the vowel “A”. To produce consonants ending with the other vowel sounds, a mark is placed either above the consonant (to produce an “E” or “I” sound) or below the consonant (to produce an “O” or “U” sound). The mark is called a kudlit. The alibata kudlit does not apply to stand-alone vowels. Vowels themselves have their own glyphs. There is only one symbol for D or R as they were allophones in most languages of the Philippines, wherein D fell in initial, final, pre-consonantal or post-consonatal positions and R in intervocalic positions.
In its original form however, a stand-alone consonant (consonants not ending with any vowel sound) cannot be produced, in which case these were simply not written and the reader would fill in the missing consonants through context. This method, however, was particularly hard for the Spanish priests who were translating books into the native language. Because of this Father Francisco Lopez introduced his own kudlit in 1620 that eliminated the vowel sound. The alibata kudlit was in the form of a “+” sign, in reference to Christianity. This alibata cross-shaped kudlit functions exactly the same as the virama in the Devanagari script of India. In fact, Unicode calls this kudlit the Tagalog Sign Virama.
No commentsParadise Philippines Hotel Reservation
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No commentsFamous Dive Sites in Puerto Galera Paradise Philippines
Kilima Drift: This is one of the places where drift dives can be exhilarating when Puerto Galera currents are strong. In this site, you can see schools of barracuda, mackerel, trevally and the occasional Blacktip reef shark all waiting for their food. You must have experienced guides on this drift.
Sinandigan Wall: This dive site has a depth of 5-30m and the current can be fierce. This dive site is well known because of the variety of invertibrates that can be found. Nudibranches are found in profusion and colour-changing cuttlefish are common.
Medio Island: Located in the west of Mindoro Island and north of Puerto Galera town Paradise Philippines. Spectacular dive sites can be found in this Island and these are the Manila Channel, Coral Gardens, Batangas Channel and Sweetlip Cave.
Manila Channel: This paradise dive site has a depth of 18m and is good for novice divers. An abundance of stony hard coral can be found at this dive site. The reef starts in 1m/3′ of water and extends out until two small walls are encountered. Exotic marine life can be seen here like different types of anemones with clownfish, lionfish, sea stars, Christmes Tree Worms and reef fish.
Coral Gardens: This dive site has a depth of 10m and is the best snorkeling snorkeling in the area and a great dive for novices and photographers. You can see carities of corals and moray eels hiding out in crevices. This site can also be an exhilarating drift dive from Manila Channel to Batangas Channel. Small Whitetip reef shark may be encountered occasionally.
Batangas Channel: This paradise dive site has a depth of 15m and a good drift dive on the right tide. You will see shoals of jacks, sweetlips, fusiliers and snappers thrive here. You can also experience on seeing stingrays and Whitetip and Grey reef sharks. Unusual creatures such as blue-ribbon eels, crocodile fish and stonefish. In this dive site, many unusual sponge and coral formations.
Sweetlip Cave: This paradise dive site has a depth of 55m and is a very spectacular dive site because variety of marine life can be seen in here. This is actually a cavern with a tunnel running through it that brings you back to the reef. This dive site is for experienced diver only.
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Paradise Philippines - Kagay-an Festival
Paradise Philippines - The Adventure Capital of the Philippines; the country’s ICT Goldmine; home to friendly people and golden opportunities; truly a City in Bloom, in Blossoms and in Boom.
And what better way to celebrate the city’s unprecedented rise to fame than to showcase the best things about coming to Cagayan de Oro for the annual Fiesta celebration in honor of St. Augustine, the city’s patron saint, and the Almighty for continually blessing this city with peace and progress through a community of tri-people — the Lumads, Muslims and Christians.
So, celebrate Cagayan de Oro City Fiesta and experience a personal encounter with the city’s best destinations, exhilarating adventure activities, fun festivals, must-try cultural immersion, paradise philippines and the best products that the city is famous for.
Kagay-an Festival Schedule of August:
Miss Kagay-an Tourism 2007 Swimsuit Competition/Sponsor’s Night - Date: 2007-08-10
Witness the lovely candidates as they show off their fitness and form in the pageant’s swimsuit competition to be held at Koresco Hotel. Later in the night, the ladies will socialize with the sponsors of the Kagay-an Festival 2007 in an exclusive Sponsor’s Night.
Ms. Kagay-an Tourism 2007 Talent Competition - Date: 2007-08-12
Dont miss this must-see showdown of the finest talents of real Cagayanon beauties in the pageant’s Talent Competition to be held at the Atrium of SM City.
Ms. Kagay-an Tourism 2007 Fashiondayag/Long Gown COmpetition - Date: 2007-08-15
What’s hot in the local fashion scene. See the beauteous candidates of the Miss Kagay-an Tourism 2007 as they showcase the best of long gowns designed and created by talented local designers in Cagayan de Oro. This will be held at the Limketkai Mall Rotunda.
11th KUMBIRA 2007 - Date: 2007-08-16
Dont miss the country’s most awaited annual culinary arts exhibit that Cagayanons can truly be proud of. This year’s 11th Kumbira will be held at the Atrium of the Limketkai Mall, Cagayan de Oro City, August 16, 17 & 18 with the theme “Weaving Flavours and Colours of Northern Mindanao”.
Agro-Industrial Trade Fair - Date: 2007-08-16
Get your money’s worth and the best of Cagayan de Oro agricultural and industrial products at the Agr-Industrial Trade Fair that will open on August 16 until August 30 at the Misamis Oriental Capitol Ground.
Horse Show Competition - Date: 2007-08-18
Witness a wholesome family entertainment through the Horse Show Competition at the Fil-Estate on August 18 and 19, 2007 sponsored by the Kagayan de Oro Horsemen Association. Watch local horsemen compete against guests from all over the paradise philippines in barrel and obstacle races, among others.
River Activities/Long Boat Race - Date: 2007-08-18
Watch Cagayanon fisherfolk as the paddle for supremacy in the long boat race at the historic Cagayan de Oro River on August 19 to 19, 2007. Fat cash prizes and special awards await the fittest of them all.
Ms. Kagay-an Tourism 2007 Testimonial Dinner - Date: 2007-08-24
The official candidates of this year’s search for Ms. Kagay-an Tourism will visit Bigby’s Cafe for a testimonial dinner with the pageant organizers.
Regional Trade Fair - Date: 2007-08-24
Buy the best and the finest products coming from the different parts of Northern Mindanao in the Regional Trade Fair at the Limketkai Center from August 24 to 28, 2007.
Ms. Kagay-an Tourism 2007 Pageant/Coronation Night - Date: 2007-08-25
Undeniably the most beautiful evening it will be for the luckiest lady who will be crowned as the first Ms. Kagay-an Tourism. Watch the candidates as they display their charm and wit in the pageant night that will be held at the expansive Limketkai Atrium.
Kagay-an Festival Street Dancing - Date: 2007-08-26
Immerse your self in authentic Higaonon steps and tunes in this year’s edition of the Kagay-an Festival Street Dancing Competition. Its a fitting salute to the Cagayanon’s tribal roots: the Higaonon. The street dancing starts at the Kiosko Kagawasan in Divisoria and winds-up at the Limketkai Commercial COmplex ground for the tableau presentation. This is one fiesta activity you shouldn’t miss. Be there because…CAGAYAN DE ORO AWAITS YOU!
River Activities/Whitewater Rafting Competition - Date: 2007-08-26
Watch local adventure sports enthusiasts as they compete in the whitewater rafting slalom competion at the downstream portion of the Cagayan de Oro River on August 26.
The First Cagayan de Oro Golden Float Competition “Beyond the Usual” - Date: 2007-08-27
Its the first ever Golden Float Competition that every Cagayanon and guest should never fail to watch on August 27 along the main streets of the Divisoria area.
River Activities/Fluvial Parade - Date: 2007-08-28
The most spectacular of all the River Activities where no less than President Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo came to see in last year’s edition of the colorful, festive and truly-entertaining fluvial parade at the Cagayan de Oro River. Fantabulous prizes await the lucky winners. Be there or miss a part of your Cagayanon roots..the Cagayan de Oro River Paradise Philippines.
CDO Fiesta Parade - Date: 2007-08-28
August is the fiesta season for Cagayanons and the period leading up to the 28th, which makes the feast of our patron Saint Augustine packed with pomp, pageantry, street dancing, parades, trade fairs, the works. Sample the innate hospitality of locals, sink your teeth into our incomparable fiesta fare, and get caught in the sights and sounds of merrymaking the loud and proud Cagayanon way!
Paradise Philippines - Tiklas Falls
Tiklas Falls is 120 ft. high with an oval pool with a diameter of more than 30 meters with some deep portions reaching 60 feet.
Tiklas is 13 kilometers from the city proper/poblacion on the concrete Bal-ason-Hindangon farm to market road. The jump off point is at the Balantian Bridge where vehicles can be parked and a wide 300 meter trail leads to the waterfalls and the swimming pools being developed by the local government of Gingoog. The development is still going on with the improvement of the pools and the construction of the cottages and other facilities.
The beautiful falls like a bridal flowing headdress has been made centerpiece of the province’s brochures, posters and streamers/tarpaulins. This paradise philippines falls is one of the three cascades on the same stream; 500 meters below stream is Kilubag falls and still downstream over 20 meters is another falls, the Bangbang or Gantangon falls.
No commentsParadise Philippines - Kawasan Falls
Paradise Philippines - A brief trip brings you to the famous Kawasan Waterfalls, a three tiered cascade of crystal clear mountain springs. Enjoy the picnic to lush scenery, tropical forest, and a cool swim. A very unique experience.
How to get there
Some 115 km (or 2,5 -3 hours drive) south-west of Cebu you’ll find Kawasan Falls. From the parking area you’ll have to walk more or less 15 to 30 minutes along a very rocky and narrow path, but even though it is a bit humbling bumbling it is worth it, just take it easy and enjoy the walk along the beautiful river. Look at all the different kind of tropical plants -it is not every day you’ll have that many beautiful impressions.
You’ll have to cross 3 small bridges before reaching the falls, even though you might feel for passing them very fast, try to stop at the middle of number 3 and look upstream, your camera will jump for pleasure if you allow it to take a few shots and you will have a forever lasting picture of what might have been, or- is Paradise Philippines.
What is it?
Kawasan Falls are where a river falls steeply down the hills above the town of Matatinao, just south of Badian. It is actually hahaeries of waterfalls, of which the first is the biggest, however the scenery gets wilder and more impressive the further up you go.
The area is very pretty and offers (cold!) fresh water bathing, a Tarzan swing and the opportunity to climb up beside the waterfall and imitate the high divers of Acapulco! The higher up the river valley, the prettier it gets, with places where you must swim up a gorge and clamber over rocks. Good fun!Remember that this area is popular with locals as well as visitors, so try to avoid the weekends and holidays otherwise you will share the place with screaming children, BBQ stands and radios!
No commentsParadise Philippines - Valencia City, Bukidnon
Valencia City is a 4th class city in the province of Bukidnon, Philippines. According to the 2000 census, it has a population of 147,924 people in 28,425 households.
History of Valencia City
The territory that now comprises the City of Valencia was formerly the thirteen (13) barrios of the Municipality of Malaybalay, Bukidnon. The earliest inhabitants in the area, now comprising part of the Pobl;acion, were Bukidnon natives who founded a settlement along the banks of Pulangui River. The pioneers were led by Datu Sebastian Manangkila.
Barrio Panlibatuhan, is derived from a Binukid word, “pangyohan ho kayu ha malibato” which means the supply of Malibato wood materials fro home building. Malibato, the hardest wood in the Province of Bukidnon, was found in Valencia - a landmark of the Panlibatuhan Bridge. The first site of settlement was in a sitio named ” Panglibatuhan” because the area was thickly forested with Malibato trees.
When the first one-room barrio school was opened in 1911, its first teacher was Mr. Jaime Galorport. That school site was approximately the present location of Valencia National High School. Mr. Jaime Galoport came from Valencia, Bohol. So when the Southern portion of Malaybalay was separated as a new municipality, the settlers agrred to name it “Valencia” and is now known as the poblacion.
The rich natural resources found in the paradise philippines territory eventually attracted Christian settlers from Mindanao, Visayas and Luzon. The Immigration settlers in the area started in the middle of 1930’s. During the World War II, the migration started to increase such that between 1960 and 1975, the population increased by 4.46 times or from 13,898 to 64,541. Today, Valencia is composed of 31 barangays and has a population of 147,924 (2000 Censal Year).
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